To continue our conversations on Race and Medicine, Dr. Neda Frayha and her Hippo Education colleague Dr. Jay-Sheree Allen sit down with noted health disparities researcher Dr. Utibe Essien, an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Core Investigator for the Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion at the VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System. They explore reasons for disparities in the health care outcomes of our patients, disparities in the diversity of our medical profession, and the crucial bridge that connects these two. They close with three concrete steps we all can take to improve our clinical practice and reduce health disparities in our patient communities. This conversation originally aired on Hippo Education. 

References:  

1. Youmans Q, Essien U, Capers Q. A Test of Diversity — What USMLE Pass/Fail Scoring Means for Medicine. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382:2393-95.
   
   
2. Gross CP, Essien UR, Pasha S, Gross JR, Wang SY, Nunez-Smith M. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Population-Level Covid-19 Mortality [published online ahead of print, 2020 Aug 4]. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;1-3. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06081-w
   
   
3. Essien UR, Eneanya ND, Crews DC. Prioritizing Equity in a Time of Scarcity: The COVID-19 Pandemic [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 30]. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;1-3. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-05976-y
   
   
4. Egbert A, et al. The Color of Coronavirus: Covid-19 deaths by race and ethnicity in the U.S. Published 5 August 2020. Accessed: 7 August 2020. https://www.apmresearchlab.org/covid/deaths-by-race 

We know that racism is a public health crisis. And to tide us over until future recordings with SOM leaders (both students and faculty) on anti-racism in medical education, we are bringing you a conversation on Race and Medicine between Dr. Frayha and Dr. Jay-Sheree Allen, a Family Medicine physician in Minnesota and host of the Millennial Health podcast. They explore the definition & types of racism, the past & present of racism in medicine, & strategies for us all to become true allies. This is the first of an ongoing series, and originally aired on the Hippo Education podcasts.

References

1. LeRoy, G. AAFP Condemns All Forms of Racism. AAFP, May 2020. https://www.aafp.org/media-center/releases-statements/all/2020/aafp-condemns-all-forms-of-racism.html Accessed 11 June 2020.
   
   
2. African American Physicians and Organized Medicine: Acknowledging our Painful Legacy. The Institute for Ethics at the AMA. https://www.ama-assn.org/about/ama-history/history-african-americans-and-organized-medicine Accessed 11 June 2020.
   
   
3. Ehrenfeld, J, Harris, P. Police Brutality Must Stop. AMA, May 2020. https://www.ama-assn.org/about/leadership/police-brutality-must-stop Accessed 11 June 2020.
   
   
4. Gantzer, H. Internists “Gravely Concerned” About Discrimination and Violence by Public Authorities and Others. ACPOnline, May 2020. https://www.acponline.org/acp-newsroom/internists-gravely-concerned-about-discrimination-and-violence-by-public-authorities-and-others Accessed 11 June 2020.
   
   
5. Jones CP. Levels of Racism: A Theoretic Framework and a Gardener’s Tale. American Journal of Public Health, 2000; (90)8: 1212-1215. Accessed 11 June 2020. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.90.8.1212
   
   
6. Morse M, Loscalzo J. Perspective Creating Real Change at Academic Medical Centers — How Social Movements Can Be Timely Catalysts. The New England Journal of Medicine. June 2020. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2002502?query=featured_home Accessed 11 June 2020.
   
   
7. Hardeman R, Medina E, Boyd R. Perspective Stolen Breaths. The New England Journal of Medicine. June 2020. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2021072?query=featured_home#author_affiliations Accessed 11 June 2020.
8. Evans M, Rosenbaum L, Malina D, Morrissey S, Rubin E. Diagnosing and Treating Systemic Racism. The New England Journal of Medicine. June 2020. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe2021693?query=featured_home Accessed 11 June 2020.